Abstract: With the continuous expansion and deepening of large models applications, integrating large models into the field of education has become an important trend. A growing number of university faculty and students are utilizing large models to facilitate teaching and learning processes. While attention is focused on the empowerment of education by large models, their potential negative impacts on higher education also merit attention. Drawing on the application and effectiveness of large models in software engineering practical teaching, this article discusses their positive effects in improving practical efficiency and quality. Based on a questionnaire survey conducted among students, it analyzes the phenomenon of “competency development illusion” induced by large models in the educational process and the consequent negative impacts. Furthermore, it elaborates on several perspectives and suggestions for the effective application of large models in education in the artificial intelligence era.