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生成式人工智能赋能高等教育的机遇与挑战

Opportunities and Challenges of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Empowering Higher Education

  • 摘要: 生成式人工智能(generative artificial intelligence, GAI)的迅猛发展正深刻冲击着以教师和学生为核心的传统教育结构。GAI作为“第三主体”的嵌入,使原本清晰的“教—学”二元关系被重新解构,逐渐形成“师—生—机”相互作用的新三元生态。在这一新格局下,知识不再单向流动,权威不再集中于讲台,教育过程呈现出多向互动、动态生成的新特征,也促使我们重新审视教育的本质与课堂的未来。在这一转变中,多个维度正在发生深刻变革。首先,知识获取途径的多元化是否会威胁教师在课堂上的权威?学生可能更倾向于信任机器生成的答案,导致教师在课堂中的话语权和引导力下降,教学秩序面临权威性挑战。其次,GAI成为随时可用的“超级助手”,但也对学生的信息鉴别、批判思维和自我管理提出了更高要求。与此同时,GAI也正在重塑产业格局与社会人才需求结构,社会对人才的需求也从记忆与重复能力转向创新、协作、人机互动与解决真实问题的素养。教育能否及时适应这种变化,培养出真正具备社会所需能力的人才?如何重构教育模式、如何定位教师价值、如何培育未来人才,已成为亟待回应的时代命题。带着这些追问,CCF YOCSEF杭州特邀多位长期深耕高等教育的专家学者与行业代表,共同围绕生成式人工智能对高等教育的影响展开深度研讨。本文基于上述论坛整理而成,旨在凝结共识,探索路径,为推动高等教育应对GAI挑战提供思想之力。

     

    Abstract: The rapid development of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is profoundly impacting the traditional educational structure centered around teachers and students. As an embedded “third entity”, GAI restructures the originally clear binary relationship of “teaching-learning” and gradually forms a new ternary ecosystem of “teacher-student-machine” interaction. In this new paradigm, knowledge no longer flows in one direction, authority is no longer centralized on the podium, and the educational process exhibits new characteristics of multi-directional interaction and dynamic generation, prompting us to reexamine the essence of education and the future of the classroom. This transformation is bringing profound changes in multiple dimensions. Firstly, will the diversification of knowledge acquisition methods threaten teachers’ authority in the classroom? Students may be more inclined to trust machine-generated answers, leading to a decline in teachers' discourse power and guiding influence in the classroom, and posing an authoritative challenge to teaching order. Secondly, GAI has become a readily available “super assistant”, but it also places higher demands on students’ information discrimination, critical thinking, and self-management. At the same time, GAI is reshaping the industrial landscape and social talent demand structure, shifting societal demand for talent from memory and repetition abilities to innovation, collaboration, human-machine interaction, and the ability to solve real-world problems. Can education adapt to these changes in a timely manner and cultivate talents with the abilities required by society? How to reconstruct educational models, position the value of teachers, and cultivate future talents has become an urgent proposition of the times. With these questions in mind, CCF YOCSEF Hangzhou invited several experts, scholars, and industry representatives who have long been deeply involved in higher education to jointly conduct in-depth discussions on the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on higher education. This article, compiled based on the aforementioned forum, aims to forge consensus, explore paths, and provide intellectual support for promoting higher education to face the challenges posed by GAI.

     

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