Abstract: Driven by intelligent computing, ocean sensing network (OSN) is evolving from the traditional decentralized single-point observation to a multi-domain collaborative perception paradigm. Current research on marine sensing networks has conducted a series of explorations around perception modes, processing paradigms, network architectures, and collaborative mechanisms. This article based on the development of marine perception networks, systematically reviews the development, core challenges, and future trends of key technologies in marine sensing networks from four aspects: data collection, data fusion, cross-domain networking, and collaborative perception. Benefiting from the integrated development of next-generation information technology and artificial intelligence, a new intelligent marine perception paradigm has begun to taken shape. However, challenges such as low data quality, insufficient processing capabilities, poor network stability, and inadequate environmental cognition persist under extreme conditions. Future research must continue to delve into intelligent perception modes, resilient network architectures, and precise environmental cognition.