Abstract: AI PC (artificial intelligence personal computer) leverages the deep integration of heterogeneous computing architectures and on-device large language models to enable localized intelligent inference and personalized services, leading to an intelligent transformation of the traditional PC form. As the foundational software that both drives the underlying heterogeneous computing architecture and supports upper-layer generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications, the AI operating system serves as the central hub of the AI PC’s smart hardware and software ecosystem. This article first reviews the evolution trends of AI operating systems in the era of large language models, analyzing their objectives, technical frameworks, and key challenges, and substantiates these insights with examples from typical system implementations. Building on this foundation, the paper further outlines the future development paths of AI operating systems and explores the emerging opportunities ahead.