Abstract: Artificial intelligence is driving a new round of scientific and technological revolution, among which AI for Science (AI4S) has initiated a new research paradigm for human exploration of the unknown. This article discusses how AI enhances the labor productivity of scientific research activities, analyzes typical technology roadmaps for AI to assist in breaking through the boundaries of human cognition, explores the common features of AI4S middleware platforms, and presents reflections on AI4S popularization and education.