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从数据表征到自动化发现:AI驱动的化学研究新范式

From Data Representation to Automated Discovery: AI-Driven Advances in Chemical Research

  • 摘要: 深度学习与算力提升推动化学人工智能从单点性质预测转向嵌入真实研发流程的工作流化系统。本文围绕数据与表征、预测与生成、实验与闭环以及大模型智能体与可信评测四条主线,概述多模态与弱标注数据治理、自监督预训练与三维等变建模、扩散等生成范式及生成—评估迭代、可编程实验平台上的规划与控制闭环,并讨论不确定性校准、分布外稳健性与安全治理对落地的关键作用,展望以开放标准与基础设施协同推进化学自动化发现。

     

    Abstract: Driven by advances in deep learning and computational power, artificial intelligence in chemistry is evolving from single-property prediction toward workflow-integrated systems embedded in real-world research and development processes. This article outlines four key themes: data and representation, prediction and generation, experimentation and closed-loop integration, as well as large-model agents and trustworthy evaluation. It surveys multimodal and weakly labeled data management, self-supervised pre-training and 3D equivariant modeling, diffusion-based and other generative paradigms with generate-evaluate iteration, and planning-control loops on programmable experimental platforms. The discussion highlights the critical role of uncertainty calibration, out-of-distribution robustness, and safety governance for practical deployment, concluding with an outlook on advancing automated chemical discovery through open standards and collaborative infrastructure.

     

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