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主体性的回归图灵思想的启发之二

The Return of Subjectivity: the Second Enlightenment from Turing’s Thought

  • 摘要: 图灵给出“图灵测试”作为判断机器是否具有智能的标准,完全接受了人的主体性。图灵曾经提出谕示(oracle)图灵机模型,其现实意义在于它为“人在系统中”的动态计算提供了开放架构。虽然没有出现通“神”的计算机,但是我们看到通“人”的计算系统——互联网,这个系统提供的服务已经超越了经典图灵可计算的范畴,让每一个人通过互联网看到了人类群体智能激发与汇聚所产生的巨大力量,也无意中为大数据驱动的机器学习提供了数据基础,助推了大语言模型的诞生,推动人类信息化的进程进入智能化的高级阶段。本文认为,大语言模型成功的现实意义在于人类进入了用自然语言实现人机协作的新时代,人类主体性达到新高度。此时此刻,人类不应该怀疑甚至丧失人的主体性。

     

    Abstract: This article argues that by proposing the Turing Test as a criterion for determining whether a machine possesses intelligence, Turing fully embraced human subjectivity. Turing previously introduced the concept of the oracle Turing machine model, whose practical significance lies in providing an open architecture for dynamic computation involving “humans within the system”.Although no computer has achieved “divine” capabilities, we have witnessed the emergence of computational systems that are “human-centric”—exemplified by the Internet. The services provided by this system have transcended the scope of classical Turing-computable functions, enabling every individual to witness the immense power generated by the stimulation and convergence of collective human intelligence via the Internet. Unintentionally, this has also laid the data foundation for big data-driven machine learning, catalyzing the birth of large language models (LLMs) and propelling humanity’s informatization process into an advanced stage of intelligence. This article contends that the practical significance of the success of large language models lies in humanity’s entry into a new era of human-machine collaboration achieved through natural language, marking a new height in human subjectivity. At this critical juncture, humans should neither doubt nor lose their sense of subjectivity.

     

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