Abstract: This article analyzes the trends and architecture evolution of operating systems (OS) under large models and Agents. It proposes that the operating systems of the intelligent era should not simply introduce AI capabilities, nor should it attempt to eliminate probability through “reductionism” after probabilistic intelligence has become an endogenous component of the system. Instead, it needs to establish a framework of “probabilistic planning-constrained probabilistic execution-verifiable convergence” based on “systems theory”. Through system mechanisms, it can converge the model to a manageable, verifiable, and trustworthy boundary, thereby constructing new system determinism amidst the uncertainty of the model.