Abstract: The development of open source desktop operating systems is continuously challenged by the growth of user communities and the expansion of usage scenarios. As users evolve from individual technical enthusiasts to general, international, and industrial users, higher requirements are placed on architecture adaptation, application ecosystems, product quality, and community governance. This article takes deepin, a long-evolving open source desktop operating system, as the research object and analyzes how changing user demands across different stages have driven adjustments in system architecture and technical routes. This article shows that deepin’s evolution is not a purely technology-led process, but a user-driven co-evolution of requirements, engineering constraints, ecosystem construction, and community governance.