Abstract: This article systematically examines the background and driving forces behind the emergence of satellite computing and analyzes the key challenges it faces. On this basis, focusing on the “Tiansuan Constellation” project, the research team has carried out a series of studies and technological innovations, including spaceborne servers, a dual-kernel satellite operating system, a cloud-native satellite platform, a single-event upset protection system, and an onboard 5G core network system.